The Taliban swept into Afghanistan last summer, quickly seizing control of government forces and regaining power.
The incident shocked the world, because no one expected that even before the complete withdrawal of American troops, the 300,000 troops of the government would collapse so quickly.
Despite such victories, however, times are not easy for the Taliban.
They had to face anti-Taliban forces from the mountains of northern Afghanistan, who often carried out guerrilla attacks against the Taliban.
Then there IS the extremist group known as IS-K, which even the Taliban have struggled to deal with.
They have not only caused chaos in Afghanistan, but also carried out terrorist attacks in neighboring Iran and Russia, which has caused great damage to the international image of the Taliban.
There are also divisions within the Taliban, with different factions at odds with each other. Although Akhunzada was nominally the leader, he could only control members of his faction.
As for other factions, such as the Kabul faction, their position may be different.
This internal contradiction led to the Taliban's lack of execution in foreign policy.
The economy is also a big problem. Afghanistan's economic foundation is fragile and livelihood problems abound.
After years of war and destruction, infrastructure has been severely damaged, and life for ordinary people has been extremely difficult. The Taliban wants to rebuild the economy and improve livelihoods, but it won't be easy.
In addition, extremist groups such as IS-K have taken advantage of the discontent in Afghanistan to recruit new members and strengthen their power.
The international community's attitude to Afghanistan has also varied.
Some countries have expressed concern about the Taliban coming to power, fearing they would support terrorism.
Others want to protect their interests by engaging with the Taliban.
This complex international relationship makes the Taliban's position on the international stage even more delicate.
Finally, the Taliban's ability to govern is a big question.
Despite their military successes, how to run a country is a huge challenge.
The Taliban have been seen as a byword for extremism and terrorism in the past, and now they are trying to change this image and establish an inclusive government, but it will not be easy.
The Taliban, once the makers of war, now have the opportunity to become the builders of peace. Whether they can seize the opportunity remains to be seen.
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